The paper also describes a bunch of Paxos related optimizations that make running lots and lots of Paxos state machines practical

downsides of layering SQL on top of a key-value store: “node-local data structures have […] poor performance on complex SQL […], because they were designed for […] key-value access”.

checkout tikv.org/deep-dive/introduction/ which goes over building a transactional SQL layer on top of a consensus backed key-value store, similar to Spanner tablet model. The use of the TrueTime API (bounded of time of day)to support externally consistent transactions without resorting to routing all reads to a single leader

https://twitter.com/penberg/status/1608758159124090881

https://www.dynamodbguide.com/what-is-dynamo-db